Kiln for recovery of by-products from fuel



March 25, 1924.

s. B. NEWBERRY KILN FOR RECOVERY OF.BY PRODUCTS FROM FUEL Filed Nov. so, 1920 l Il:

Patented UNITED STATES- risata PATENT oFFicE.

srENCEE E. NEWBEERY, or CLEVELAND, omo; ANDREW W. NEWEEERY, ExECU'roE or SAID SPENCER E. NEWBEEEY, DECEASED, AssicNoE or CNE-HALE rro ANDREW W. NEWBEEEY AND CNEEALF 'ro AETHUE C. NEWBEEEY.

KIJN FOR RECOVERY O'F.BYPRODUCTS FROM FUEL.

-Applicatioii 'led November 30, 1920. Serial No. 427,313.

To all whom t may concer/n:

Be it known that I, SPENCER B. NEW- BERRY, a citizen of the United States, resid' ing at Cleveland, inthe county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for fused -clay clinker, the nodulizing of ironl ore, and in .other industries in which the -calcination is ordinarily effected by the use of coal in thel forinof coal dust or producer gas. In practically all, of these processes as at present carried on bituminous coal is used in a raw stater and the possible valuable' by-products obtained by the distillation of this coal at moderate temperatures, such as oil and ammonia, are completely lost. By means of the kiln which is hereinafter described, this bituminous coal or other solid fuel is exposedvfirst to a moderate temperature by`indirect heat from the final combustion ofthe fuel, and inA this preliminary heating the products of distillation of the fuel are kept separate from the gaseous products of its 'final combustion and are drawn off, condensed and recovered. The mixture of the residue of the fuel, containing fixed carbon, and the material to be calcined, after passing through this preliminary stage of heating, is then discharged into the lower section of the -kiln where it is brought to high temperature by the combustion of the residual carbon. The highly heated gaseous products bf this combustion give up a large part of their heat to the Amaterial in its preliminary stage of heating, and finally pass out through the stack. The calciried product is discharged continuously at the lower end of the kiln.

The novel features will be understood from the followingy description land claims taken in connection with the drawings.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through a kiln embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a similar view enlarged, partly broken away, showing merely the tube arrangement in the kiln.

of preliminary heating necessary.

Figure 3 in a cross section on the .line Z--Z of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is a similar cross section showing a portion of a modified construction and I connection of the concentric cylinders.

The. kiln, shown in the accompanying drawing ,somewhat diagrammatically, in?

cludes -an outer .cylinder A A, preferably slightly inclined from the horizontal, andi 1' i' lined with refractory material. -This cylinder is carried on rollers B B, and caused to rotate at any desired speed by means of gearing not shown in the drawing. In

inner cylinder should extend through ap- Athe upper portion of the kiln is an interior proximately half the length of the kiln A A, n

this proportionvaryingwith the material to be treated and the time and temperatliilile e inner 'cylinder C maybe advantageously extended beyond the up er end of thelkiln A A. This extension (il) may be made of metal, such for example as cast iron or sheet steel, and is secured to the upper end of the inner' cylinder C at the termination of the kiln :A A, by means of the flanged metal plate S S in which openings are formed corresponding to the flues M M. The products ofthe final combustionl of the fuel in the lowerv part of the kiln pass through the space D D aroundthe inner cylinder C and are discharged into the chamber E, from which they pass out through the stack F. In the chamber E these gases pass around the extension of the inner cylinder C and heat the incoming charge of material and fuel which is introduced into the inner cylinder C from the hopper H by means of thefeed conveyor I.

the end of the cylinder G and carriesthe the exhaust, pipe J and the feed conveyor I. The products volatilized from the fuel during the inner cy contemplated.

lpassagepf the charge through the 1nder C are drawnout through the pipe J b the fan K and finally pass from the fan-'t vrough the ppe'L to some known form of condensing apparatus U- where they are recovered by well-known methods While I prefer to make the innercylinder of4v refractory material as -above stated, it

1Uwill' be understood that the invention in its broader sense is not limited to the use of that particular material since other suitable materials may be used which will properly stand the particular conditions of use The construction of the kiln may be seen inthe enlarged longitudinal sectionof Figure 1 and cross section along the line Z Z in Figure 3 of the drawings. The kiln'A A is lined withrefractory brick in the usual manner below the endof cylinder C. The lining of the lower part of the kiln, which is 'the zone of highest heat,l as shown in Figures l and 2, may be of greater thickness' than that'ofthe upper part containing the inner cylinder. The portion of the kiln containing the inner cylinder Cr may be lined with hollow tile of fire brick material so shaped as to contain in single units the outer lining of the kiln A A, the cylinder C and the partition walls between the fines M M, as il ustrated in Figure 4. For the sake of simple construction and repairs I'prefer however to build up these flues and inner .cylinder by means of the circle brick O O as the lining of cylinder A A, the wedge brick N Nl as the division walls and thecircle l brick P P as Iinner cylinder C, as shown in Figure 3.A The operation of the apparatus4 is brieliy as follows:A f

The material to be-calcined is mixed. or ground withthe necessary fuel and stored inthe hopper I I. From this itis continuously fed by the conveyor into the upper part G of the inner cylinder C. As this inl ner cylinderis part of and revolves with the kiln A A, the charge of mixed fuel and materialpasses gradually down, through the inner cylinder and in its passage isgra'dually heated'through the walls'of the inner cylinder by thewaste gases of the final combustion which pass through the space D D. In this preliminary heating, moisture, oil,

f ammonia. and combustible gas are given off.

These are drawn by the fan K through the pipe J and finally discharged from the fan through the 'pipe L to the condensing apparatus. The speed of the fan K is so. ad-

justed as to draw off the products of this' distillation as they are formed, without drawing any considerable portionof the products of combustion from the lower part ofthe kiln into the inner cylinder. It is understood however that if it is found desirable to draw a portion of these gaseous products-of combustion through the inner calcined and the residual fixed carbon of the fuel 1s continuously discharged at the lowerv end of the 'inner cylinder C into the lower section lof the kiln A A. At'the discharge end of the kiln, provision is made for the ,burning of supplementary fuel, either the gas given olf in the preliminary heating and` carried to the front of the kiln from thecondensmg' apparatus U by a pipe V connected oil, natural gas, etc. This supplementary fuel willbe required in first heating up'the kiln before the operations of distillation and calcination are regularly established. When the kiln is operating normally, little or no supplementary fuel will be required, and it.

will be necessary only to 1blow-in air,pref erably pre-heated by well-known methods, through the pipe Q. The branch pipe R may lead from a source of gas supply as above indicated and discharge into the kiln` in or through pipe Q. In the lower part of.

the kiln A A the combustion ofthe residual xed carbon of the fuel takes place lby the aid ofthe air blown in, and a very`high temperature may be developed, depending.

on the character and amount of fuel mixed with the charge. The calcinedv products when they reach the lower end of the kiln aredischarged through outlet W'.

The principal condensable products ofthe .temperatures are oil, similar to crude petroleum, and'v ammonia. It is well known that there exists a seriousand growing shortage of petroleum,-the supply of which -to pipe-R, or other form of fuel as coal dust,

` distillation of bituminous fuel atl moderate may be effectively.supplemented by such use of bituminous fuels as will permit the recovery of their valuable by-products. The

demand 'for ammonia for fertilizing and chemical purposes is also unlimited. 'Ihe vkiln herem described, offers a practical method of utilizing bituminous fuels, including coal of such low grade as not to be ordinarilyl merchantable, in such manner that the heating value of the fuel may be applied to useful methods of calcination economically recovered. It also makes possible the treatment of oil shale, cannel shale, peat, and coals high in ash, by themselves,

'and' its valuable -by-p-roductssimply and these materials being simply crushed to the fineness found suitable and passed through the kiln as above described, the volatile products from these fuels being collected, the carbon consumed, and the inorganic residue calcined to .a semiefused clinker, which has been found-a valuable aggre ate in the making of cement concrete. ire clay may also be calcined in this mattei' by admixture of fuel, and the calcined clay used as an ingredient of fire brick. The possible uses of the kiln, embodying vthe feature of recovery of valuable ley-products, are therefore numerous and include applications in many lines of chemical industry.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is as follows:

1,1'. A revolving kiln consisting of an louter metal cylinder lined with refractory material and containing an inner cylinder attached to and revolving with the outer cylinder, extending through a art of the length of and concentrically p aced in the ,outer cylinder, with space 'for passage of gases between the inner and outer cylinders, and means for drawing off and recoverlng volatilized products from the inner cylinder.

2. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer metal cylinder lined with refractory material, containing an inner cylinder attached to, revolving with and extendin beyond the end of the outer cylinderl an .its discharge outlet for gases, extending through a part 4of thelength of and concentrically placed in the outerv cylinder, with space for passage of gases between. the inner'and Outer cylinders and around the extension of the inner cylinder, and means for .drawing off and recovering, volatilized products from the inner cylinder.

3. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer metal cylinder lined with refractory material and containing an -inner cylinder attached to and revolving with the outer cylinder, extending through a partof the length of and concentrically placed in the outer cylinder, with spacefor passageof i gases dividedinto longitudinal fines bef tween the inner and outer cylinders, and means for drawingv off and recovering volatiliz'ed productsv from the inner cylinder.

4. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer metal cylinder lined with refractory material and containing Aan inner'cylinder attached to and revolving with the outer c l` inder, extending through a part oft'e length of and 'concentrically placed in the outer cylinder, with space for passage of gases. divided into longitudinal ues between the inner and outer cylinders, means for introducing material vcontaining carbonaceous fuel into the inner cylinder, and means for drawingoff and recovering vola- 5. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer metal cylinder lined with refractory mate-` rial', a chamber at the; end of ..said cylinder for the. gases of combustion discharged therefrom, an `inner through said chamber. and concentrically into said outer cylinder part way of its length and so secured thereto as to rotate therewith, with'space` for the passage of gases between the inner and outer cylinders and around the extension of the inner cylinder in said chamber, and means for drawing on and recovering volatilized products from the inner cylinder. .6. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer I Ametal cylinder lined with refractory mate-- rial and containing an inner cylinder attached to and revolving withthe outer cylinder, extending throughv a. part of the length of and concentrically placed in the outer' cylinder, vwith space for passage of tached to and revolving with the outer cylcylinder extendinginder, extending through a part of the. v.

length of and concentrically placed in the outer cylinder with space for passage of gases divided into longitudinal fiues between the inner and outer cylinders, means for introducing material containing carbonaceous fuel into the inner cylinder, means for drawing oft' volatilized products from the inner cylinder, and for drawing regulated'.

amounts of products of combustion fromthe outer cylinder into the inner cylinder, and

for conveying combustible gas generated in lile inner cylinder to the lower end of the 8. A revolving kiln consisting'of van outer metal cylinder. lined with refractory material and containing an inner cylinder extending through a partof thelength of and concentrically4 placed in the outer cylinder,

with space for passage of gases divided into -longitudinal iues between the inner and outer cylinders, means for introducing mate- 1 rial containing carbonaceous fuel into the` inner cylinders, means for drawing oft' volatilized products from the inner cylinder, and Afor drawing regulated amounts o f products of combustion from the outer cylinder into the inner cylinder, and for conveying combustible gas generated inv4 the inner cylinder to the lower end of the kiln, and means for supplying supplementary fuel and air to A the lower end of the kiln.

9. A revolving kiln consisting of :in-outer metal cylinder 'lined with .refractory mate- I'ial and containing an inner cylinder eX` tending tlirough'a part of the length of and conceiitrically placed in the' outer c' linder, with space for passage of gases divi ed into longitudinal flues between the inner and outer cylinders, means for introducing material 'containing carbonaceous fuelinto the inner cylinder, means for drawing off vola- .tilized products from the inner cylinder, and

for'drawing regulated amounts of 'produc-ts of combustion from the outercylinder into lower end of the kiln, and means for disthe inner cylinder, and forv conveying com'- hustible gas generated in the inner "cylinderV 'to the lower end of the kiln, means for sup plying supplementary fuel and air to the charging calcined products at the lower end of the kiln. i

l0. A revolving kiln consisting of an outer' metal cylinder lined with refractory material and containing an inner cylinderattached. to, revolving with, and extending beyond the endof `the outer cylinder,. ex-

tending through a part of the length of and 25 inner cylinder, and for drawing regulated amounts of products ofV combustion from the outer cylinder into the inner cylinder, andi-'or conveying combustible gas generated in the'inner cylinder to the lower end of the kiln, means for supplying supplementary .'fuel and air to the lower end ofA the .,lln,

and means for dischargingr calcined products 40 at the lower end of the kiln. Y

In testimony wliereol I alx my signature.

SPENCER B. NEWBERRY. 

